643b Sustainable Arsenic Removal Using Hybrid Anion Exchange Resins (ArsenXnp) In Remote Villages of West Bengal, India

Sudipta Sarkar1, Lee M. Blaney1, Debabrata Ghosh2, Anirban Gupta2, and Arup K. SenGupta1. (1) Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Lehigh University, 13 E. Packer Avenue, Bethlehem, PA 18015, (2) Department of Civil Engineering, Bengal Engineering and Science University, Botanical Garden, Shibpur, Howrah, India

Community level arsenic removal devices in remote villages of West Bengal, India, now use hybrid anion exchange resins (HAIX) which are essentially spherical anion exchange resin beads containing dispersed nanoparticles of hydrated ferric oxide (HFO). HAIX, now commercially available in the US as ArsenXnp, is a highly selective media for removal of oxyanions of arsenic. The high selectivity of HAIX towards arsenic oxyanions is attributed to the Donnan membrane effect. The sorption columns used in the field for removal of arsenic are either single column or split column design. The sorption columns are designed to allow flow of atmospheric oxygen dissolution of which in arsenic-contaminated raw water promotes oxidation of dissolved Fe(II) species to insoluble Fe(III) oxides or HFO particulates. Apart from the usual role played by the sorbents like ArsenXnp or activated alumina towards arsenic removal, the HFO particulates formed inside the column also aid in the treatment process. Each unit is attached to a hand-pump driven well and capable of providing arsenic-safe water to three hundred (300) households or approximately one thousand villagers. No chemical addition, pH adjustment or electricity is required to run these units. On the average, every unit runs for more than 20,000 bed volumes before a breakthrough of 50 mg/L of arsenic, the maximum contaminant level in drinking water in India, is reached. In addition to arsenic removal, significant iron removal is also achieved throughout the run. Upon exhaustion, the media is withdrawn and taken to a central regeneration facility where 2% NaCl and 2% NaOH solution is used for regeneration. Subsequently, the regenerated resin is reloaded into the well-head sorption column. Laboratory investigations confirmed that the regenerated ArsenXnp is amenable to reuse for multiple cycles without any significant loss in capacity. Field studies are under way to supplement the laboratory observation. The process of regeneration and subsequent sludge formation reduce the volume of disposable arsenic-laden solids by nearly two orders of magnitude. Finally, the arsenic-laden solids are contained on well-aerated coarse-sand filters with minimum arsenic leaching. This disposal technique is scientifically more appropriate than dumping arsenic-loaded adsorbents in the reducing environment of landfills as currently practiced in developed countries.